In my last post, I quoted a popular atheist YouTuber,
Aron Ra, who claims, “Faith is an assertion of unreasonable conviction, which
is assumed without reason, and defended against all reason. In my essay, I
specified that by ‘reason’, I meant ‘evidence’, the only reason to believe
anything. Since defenders of the faith often refuse to amidst that faith is a
belief that is not based on evidence, then I’ll have to prove that I’ve got
that right.”1 In his essay, Aron Ra uses a number of scriptures to
argue that the Bible teaches that “we are expected to believe without reason;
in fact we are blessed if we readily believe the most outrageous illogical,
inconsistent, and contradictory claims from even the most credulous and
questionable people without any evidence at all.” Aron Ra is not alone in his
claim. It is not hard to find atheists and skeptics quoting scripture to allege
that faith is belief without evidence. However, it is hard to find them using
context to attempt to understand what these verses actually teach. Let’s take a
closer look at six verses that Aron Ra references in his essay to see if they
support his aspersions about Christian faith.
1. “Now faith is the assurance of things hoped for, the conviction of things
not seen.” (Hebrews 11:1)
This is probably the most misrepresented verse about
faith in the entire Bible. In order to better understand its meaning, skeptics
like Aron Ra need to follow one of the most basic rules of Biblical
interpretation: keep reading. The entire chapter of Hebrews 11 is known as the
“Hall of Fame of Faith”, but it doesn’t define what faith is, rather it gives
examples of what it looks like to live by faith.
If faith is truly belief without evidence, we should
look at the examples of “faith heroes” in Hebrews 11 to see if they had any
evidence to believe or trust in God. The LORD directly appeared to Abraham,
Sarah, Isaac, Jacob, Moses, Gideon, and Samuel. Moses saw the angel of the LORD
in a burning bush that was not consumed, and when Moses doubted whether the
Israelites would listen to him as their deliverer, God provided two miraculous
signs as evidence that he would deliver his people. Before crossing the red sea
by faith, the Israelites had witnessed God’s mighty power through twelve
plagues against the nation of Egypt.
Then, there is the case of Gideon. When the angel of
the LORD appeared to Gideon and told him that he would deliver Israel from the
oppression of the Midianites, Gideon questioned how he could accomplish this
since he was the least in his family and his clan was the least in the tribe of
Manasseh. Before responding to God’s call, Gideon proposed the following test:
“I am laying a fleece of wool on the threshing floor. If there is dew on the
fleece alone, and it is dry on all the ground, then I shall know that you will
save Israel by my hand, as you have said.” (Judges 6:37). After this occurred,
Gideon still requested another sign by asking for God to produce the opposite
result, leaving the ground dry and the fleece wet. It is from this story that
we get the idiomatic phrase “putting out a fleece.” If Hebrews 11:1 truly
teaches that faith is belief without evidence, then there is no way that Gideon
and the other “faith heroes” would be used as models of a life of faith. They
trusted God with a strong conviction, but they had plenty of evidence that he
could be trusted.
Moreover, Aron Ra’s misinterpretation of Hebrews 11:1
completely misses the point that the life of faith is forward looking. When it
speaks of “conviction of things not seen”, it does not mean that they believed
in God in spite of a lack of evidence, but that they trusted that he would
complete his promise in the future, things that had yet to be seen. They were
commended for their faith, even though they did not fully receive what was
promised in their lifetimes, since God would bring his promises to complete
fulfillment in the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ.
2. “For his invisible
attributes, namely, his eternal power and divine nature, have been clearly
perceived, ever since the creation of the word, in the things that have been
made. So they are without excuse.” (Romans 1:20)
In his essay, Aron Ra doesn’t bother quoting the last
sentence of this verse, which is actually quite important. The entire point of
this section of Romans is that NO ONE has an excuse to suppress the knowledge
of God (i.e. deny that he exists) because the EVIDENCE of creation so clearly
points to the creator. Sometimes, it is hard to be charitable to hyper-skeptics
such as Aron Ra because it seems like they don’t even make an effort to
understand what the Bible says or Christians believe. He uses this verse to
claim that faith is belief without evidence when it is making the complete
opposite point. The evidence of God’s power and purpose in creation is so
clearly evident that all people “are without excuse” for denying God’s existence
and living unrighteously.
3. “Jesus said to
(Thomas), ‘Have you believed because you have seen me? Blessed are those who
have not seen and yet have believed.’” (John 20:29)
Once again, Aron Ra only quotes part of the verse, the
last sentence, and fails to include the context of the verse. Hopefully, you
are seeing that pattern emerge. This is important to note not only for this
topic, but anytime anyone wants to support their position with scripture. If
they are only including segments of verses and omitting context, it is time to
take a closer look.
So, let’s do that. Jesus had risen from the dead and
appeared to both his women followers and the rest of his disciples, but he had
not yet appeared to Thomas, who famously said, “Unless I see in his hands the
mark of the nails, and place my finger into the mark of the nails, and place my
hand into his side, I will never believe.” (John 20:25). Jesus then appears to
Thomas and honors his request, prompting Thomas to proclaim, “My Lord and my
God!” (John 20:28). In response, Jesus says, “Have you believed because you
have seen me? Blessed are those who have not seen and yet have believed.”
Now, did Jesus say, “Blessed are those who have not
received evidence and yet have believed.”? No, and I don’t think that this is
splitting hairs. Consider a few things. First, if Thomas would have believed in
Jesus before seeing him, he still would have had the following pieces of
evidence: Jesus miracles prior to his death, the eye-witness testimony of the
women and the disciples, and Old Testament prophecy that predicted the
resurrection. Second, when the disciples shared the gospel and the early church
emerged, they appealed to the following pieces of evidence: miraculous healings
and deliverances, eye-witness testimony, and Old Testament prophecy. Finally,
prior to his death Jesus encouraged people to believe in him based on his
miraculous works and after his resurrection he “showed himself to (the
disciples) and gave many convincing proofs he was alive.” (Acts 1:3). Please
consider reading my post on the connection between faith and evidence in the New Testament for a more in-depth analysis of how Jesus and the early church
connected evidence and faith. It should be clear that just because most
Christians have not shared Thomas’ experience of literally seeing and feeling
Jesus’ pierced hands and wounded side, they still have received other forms of
evidence.
4. “We look not to the things that are seen, but to the things that are
unseen. For the things that are seen are transient, but the things that are
unseen are eternal.” (2 Corinthians 4:18)
5. “For we walk by faith, not by sight.” (2
Corinthians 5:7)
I have combined these two verses from Paul’s second
letter to the Corinthian church because they are both written in the same line
of thought, only a few sentences apart, and are explained with a similar
response. One thing that is important to remember is that New Testament
epistles were real letters, written to real people, who were facing real
issues. Some portions of the epistles are careful expositions of Christian
doctrine, while others respond to specific issues in the church or provide
encouragement or exhortation. In these verses, Paul is encouraging the
Corinthian church to not lose hope in the face of suffering and persecution. He writes:
“So we do not lose heart. Though our outer self is wasting away, our inner
self is being renewed day by day. For this light momentary affliction is
preparing for us an eternal weight of glory beyond all comparison, as we look
not to the things that are seen but to the things that are unseen.” (2
Corinthians 4:16-18)
“So we are always of good courage. We know that while we are at home in the
body we are away from the Lord, for we walk by faith, not by sight. Yes, we are
of good courage, and we would rather be away from the body and at home with the
Lord.” (2 Corinthians 5:6-8)
Paul is encouraging the Corinthian believers not to focus on their current
suffering, which they can see with their eyes, but on their future glory with
Christ in heaven, which they hope for and cannot presently see. Does this mean
they have no evidence for their hope? Paul, the author, received extraordinary
evidence on the road to Damascus when the risen Christ appeared to him,
prompting him to transform from an enemy of the church to a bold witness of the
resurrection. In fact, Paul’s conversion is a compelling piece of evidence in
the case for the resurrection. After his conversion, Paul met with Jesus’
disciples and it is reasonable to assume that they directly passed on to him
Jesus’ own teachings on heaven, so this hope of future glory is a reasonable
expectation if Jesus did in fact rise from the dead. The Corinthian church was
born out of sessions in which Paul “reasoned in the synagogue
every Sabbath, and tried to persuade Jews and Greeks” (Acts 18:4), likely using
eye-witness testimony of the resurrection and Old Testament prophecy as
evidence. Once again, to claim that Paul is teaching that faith is belief
without evidence completely misses the context and historical setting of the
verse.
6. “The faith that you have, keep between yourself and God.” (Romans 14:22)
I honestly am not sure what point Aron Ra was trying to make by including
this verse. Perhaps, he is trying to argue that Christians should not share the
gospel and try to convince others of the truth of Christianity, but should keep
their faith, or personal convictions not based on evidence, to themselves. If
that is his argument, he once again completely missed the point of this verse,
which is in a section teaching how Christians should interact over disputable
matters such as dietary restrictions and holy days. Paul is teaching that
Christians should not let their convictions over such matters be a stumbling
block to their brothers, but should pursue peace and mutual edification. It has
nothing to do with whether faith is based on evidence.
At this point, I have now completed extensive surveys of the Old Testament
and New Testament teachings on the connection between faith and evidence and
have responded to verses that some skeptics erroneously use to claim that faith
is belief without evidence. Now, it is possible that skeptics will still view
faith in that way, but they cannot claim that when the Christian says, “I have
faith”, they really mean, “I pretend to know things for which there is no
evidence.”
Still, some Christians may feel that they don’t have or even need evidence
to support their faith. Some may even say that seeking or desiring evidence
actually weakens one’s faith. I will be addressing those concerns in the next
post in this series.
References:
Ra, Aron. “Religious Faith IS ‘Belief Without Evidence.” Reason Advocates. August 29, 2015. Retrieved from https://www.patheos.com/blogs/reasonadvocates/2015/08/29/religious-faith-is-belief-without-evidence/
